About Air Quality in East Hertfordshire

Air quality refers to the condition of the air within our environment, particularly concerning the presence of pollutants that may pose risks to human health and the ecosystem. Understanding air quality is crucial, as it directly impacts our well-being and the natural surroundings.

What is Air Pollution?

Air pollution is the introduction of harmful substances into the atmosphere, resulting from both natural processes and human activities. These pollutants can be gases, particulate matter, or biological molecules that degrade air quality. Common sources include the combustion of fossil fuels, industrial processes, and agricultural activities.

Common Air Pollutants

Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5): Tiny particles suspended in the air, originating from sources like vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and natural events such as wildfires.
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂): Emitted from vehicles and industrial activities, this gas can irritate airways and reduce lung function.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂): Produced by burning fossil fuels containing sulfur, leading to respiratory problems and environmental issues like acid rain.
Ozone (O₃): While beneficial in the stratosphere, at ground level, ozone is a component of smog and can cause respiratory issues.

Health Impacts of Air Pollution

Exposure to air pollution can lead to various health problems, including:

Respiratory Diseases: Such as asthma and bronchitis.
Cardiovascular Issues: Including heart attacks and strokes.
Cancer: Long-term exposure to certain pollutants increases the risk of cancers.

Vulnerable groups, like children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions, are particularly at risk.

Air Quality in East Hertfordshire

East Hertfordshire has made significant strides in monitoring and improving air quality. The East Herts Council regularly reviews air quality within the district, aligning with the UK Air Quality Strategy. Despite national improvements, challenges remain, particularly in urban areas.

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs)

Specific areas in East Hertfordshire have been designated as AQMAs due to elevated pollution levels:

Bishop's Stortford AQMA: Covering Hockerhill Street / London Road Junction.
Hertford AQMA: Encompassing parts of Hertford Town Centre, including Gascoyne Way bypass.
Sawbridgeworth AQMA: Covering the main road through Sawbridgeworth Town Centre.

These designations necessitate action plans to mitigate pollution and protect public health.

Breathe Clean Initiative

Launched between June 2023 and April 2024, the "Breathe Clean" project aims to:

Educate communities on the causes, impacts, and solutions to air pollution.
Conduct school workshops focusing on air quality and the benefits of active travel.
Develop travel plans and incentives for workplaces.
Assist community groups in organising sustainability events.
Monitor air quality at key sites with the involvement of schools and community groups.
Enforce anti-idling measures, especially near schools.

This initiative reflects the district's commitment to enhancing air quality and public health.

How is Air Quality Monitored?

Air quality monitoring involves measuring pollutant concentrations using various methods:

Continuous Monitoring Stations: Provide real-time data on pollutants like nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter.
Diffusion Tubes: Used for assessing nitrogen dioxide levels over extended periods.

In East Hertfordshire, data from monitoring sites are publicly accessible, offering transparency and fostering community engagement.